Definition: The knees play a vital role in human movement. They are also very vulnerable to injury and pain. Poor posture caused by excessive pronation (flat feet) or supination of the feet can result in excessive knee rotation. Running will cause excess wear and tear of the cartilage leading to osteo-arthritis and other conditions like patello-femoral syndrome (damage to the surface of the cartilage behind the knee-cap).

Treatment: Orthoses to re-align the feet and legs, exercises, dry needling, often together with physiotherapy or chiropractic.